While I agree in principal that covered hoppers were far tighter and more
efficient for grain loading.Leakage was open for discussion. Obviously the
only real area of question is the gravity gates. New cars would be good and
tight,as they aged that might be another matter as the guides,flanges and
sheets were bent and warped over time.Of course this would then lead to the
argument of why did you load a car w/a defective gate?
The old Acf design 70 ton sand hoppers were the most famous for leaking. The
piles of Silica sand in every yard where they sat for a few moments were
undisputeable evidence.
Leo
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